Deheubarth
The ruler of Deheubarth was King Hywel ab Edwin ab Einion, who had ruled since 1033 and would continue to do so until 1044.
England
The ruler of England at the beginning of 1040 was King Harold I (Harold Harefoot), who had ruled since 1035. This year, King Harthacnut would take over.
Gwynedd
The ruler of Gwynedd was King Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, who had ruled since 1039 and would continue to do so until 1063.
Moray
The ruler of Moray was Mormaer Mac Bethad mac Findláich .
Scotland
The ruler of Scotland at the beginning of 1040 was King Duncan I (Duncan the Diseased), who had ruled since 1034. This year, King Macbeth (The Red King) would take over.